Almost everything Tolstoy wrote came out of one house: Yasnaya Polyana, the family estate about 120 miles south of Moscow. He was born there, kept returning to it his whole life, and did his major work in a plain study on the ground floor.

The Direct Answer
At Yasnaya Polyana, his family estate south of Moscow, in a modest study he used for nearly all his major work.
The name means roughly 'bright glade.' The estate came through his mother's family, the Volkonskys, and Tolstoy called it inseparable from his sense of Russia.

The Estate and the Study

Yasnaya Polyana sits in the Tula region, roughly 120 miles south of Moscow, a birch-forested property that had belonged to his mother's family, the Volkonskys, long before he was born there in 1828. Tolstoy grew up on the estate, left it for university and the army and two trips through Western Europe, and kept coming back. The house he lived and worked in was a surviving wing of the older Volkonsky manor. He kept it deliberately plain, in line with his convictions, and out of that modest house came War and Peace, Anna Karenina, and most of what followed.

Without my Yasnaya Polyana, I can hardly imagine Russia and my attitude toward it.

Leo Tolstoy

The estate wasn't just a backdrop. It was tied to how he saw the country and himself, and it gave him the thing every serious writing habit needs, which is a fixed place the work always happened. For the daily shape of that work, see the full Leo Tolstoy writing routine.

Why One Room Mattered

There's a reason the same room shows up behind nearly every book. A fixed place does part of the work of discipline for you. Walk into the study and your body already knows what it's there to do. Tolstoy returned to that ground-floor room for almost every serious project across his adult life, and the estate around it, the farm, the grounds, the household, formed a whole world arranged so the writing could happen. The study today is preserved much as he left it, down to personal belongings the museum kept safe through revolution and war.

What You Can Steal