The public story is that Salinger stopped. He published his last piece in 1965 and went quiet for the rest of his life. The private story, the one his family tells, is that he never stopped writing at all.

The Direct Answer
Yes. He kept writing for decades but published almost nothing after 1965.
His last published work, the novella Hapworth 16, 1924, ran in The New Yorker in June 1965.

The Last Thing He Published

Salinger's public career ended quietly. Hapworth 16, 1924, a long novella framed as a letter home from a young Seymour Glass, appeared in The New Yorker on June 19, 1965. He was forty-six. He would live more than forty years longer and never publish another word. To most readers that looked like a writer who had given up. It wasn't.

Why he pulled back is its own long story. Hapworth got a cool reception, and Salinger had spent years growing more protective of his work and more hostile to critics and the press. Whatever the mix of reasons, after 1965 he simply took himself out of the marketplace and kept the door shut for good.

In his rare 1974 phone interview with The New York Times, he made the distinction plain. He loved to write, he said, and there was a peace in not publishing, and he wrote purely for himself. Writing and publishing had come apart for him. He kept doing the first and refused the second.

The Vault

What he was writing during those silent decades has become one of literature's open questions. According to his daughter, Margaret, there was a great deal of it. In her memoir Dream Catcher, she describes a filing system her father kept for his finished and unfinished manuscripts, marked so his wishes would be clear after his death.

A red mark meant, if I die before I finish my work, publish this 'as is,' blue meant publish but edit first, and so on.

Margaret Salinger, Dream Catcher

That detail comes from family, and it's worth flagging as such. Salinger never showed the work to the public, and no one outside his circle has confirmed how much finished writing exists. Reports over the years have mentioned multiple completed manuscripts, including more about the Glass family and the Caulfields, though none of that has been verified. In 2019 his son Matt and his widow, Colleen O'Neill, said they were preparing his unpublished writing for eventual release, which supports the long-standing account that he wrote steadily to the end.

For the studio where all of this was written and the daily hours he kept, see the full J.D. Salinger writing routine.

What You Can Steal