How to Write a Book

How to Finish Writing a Book: Why Writers Quit at 20,000 Words

Kia Orion | | 9 min read

Every book that never got finished was, at some point, going well.

That's the part nobody talks about. The abandoned manuscripts sitting in desk drawers and forgotten Google Docs folders, they all had momentum once. The writer was excited. The pages were coming. The story felt alive in that way where you think about it in the shower and while driving and right before you fall asleep. And then somewhere around 20,000 to 40,000 words, something shifted. The excitement didn't vanish all at once. It just started leaking, slowly, like air from a tire with a nail in it. One morning you sit down and the file is open but you're not sure what the next scene is supposed to do. A week later you haven't opened it at all. A month later you start telling people about your "next" project.

The strange thing is, the problem almost never shows up at the beginning or the end. Beginnings have energy. Endings have gravity. The middle is where books go to die, and the reason isn't that writers lack discipline or talent or willpower. The reason is that something structurally and psychologically real happens around the 25,000-word mark, and most writers have never been told what it is. A few reasons this happens, and what to do about each one.

1. The book you're writing diverges from the book you planned, and you panic

You start a novel with an idea of what it is. Maybe you've outlined it. Maybe you have a loose sense of the arc. Maybe you just know the feeling you're after, the mood of the ending, the kind of book you'd want to read. And for the first 15,000 or 20,000 words, the writing cooperates. It goes roughly where you expected it to go. You feel like you know what you're doing.

Then, around 25,000 words, something happens that's hard to describe if you haven't experienced it. Your characters start making decisions you didn't plan. A scene you thought would take two pages takes eleven, and now the pacing is different. A subplot you hadn't considered starts asserting itself because it turns out one of your secondary characters has more to say than you realized. The outline, if you had one, stops fitting. The book on the screen and the book in your head are no longer the same book. Most first-time writers read this as a sign that something has gone wrong. That they've lost control. That the story is broken and they need to go back to the beginning and start over, or scrap the whole thing, or maybe they just aren't good enough to pull off a novel-length work.

But here's what experienced novelists know: that divergence is the book coming to life. It's a sign that the story has started to breathe on its own, that it's become complex enough to surprise you. John Irving has talked about this for decades. He writes the last sentence of his novels first. He knows where the book ends before he writes the opening paragraph. And when the middle of the book starts pulling away from that ending, which it always does, he doesn't panic. He rewrites the ending. He expects the story to outgrow his original plan. The plan was just a way in, a door. You don't live in the door.

The practical fix is deceptively simple. When your book diverges from your outline, update the outline. Don't update the book. Sit down for one session, not to write new pages but to re-outline from where you actually are, not where you thought you'd be. Look at what the book is becoming instead of mourning what you thought it would be. I'm not entirely sure why this is so hard to do in practice, maybe because rewriting an outline feels like admitting failure when it's actually just paying attention, but the writers who finish books are the ones who learn to follow the story rather than drag it.

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2. You realize the premise alone can't sustain 80,000 words

A novel premise is a strange thing. At 5,000 words it can feel enormous. You've got this concept, this situation, this "what if," and the possibilities seem endless. By 30,000 words, that same premise can feel paper-thin. You've explored the central idea. You've written the scenes that excited you. And now you're staring at the math: you're maybe a third of the way through, and you've already said the main thing you wanted to say.

This is what Michael Chabon has called the "sagging middle" problem, and his solution is worth paying attention to. He's talked about needing to introduce a new complication, a genuine one, roughly every fifty pages. Not a twist for the sake of a twist. A real problem that emerges from the characters and their situation, one that couldn't have existed at the beginning of the book because the characters hadn't yet made the choices that created it. The premise gets you into the story. The characters under pressure carry it the rest of the way. If your book stalls at 30,000 words, the question to ask isn't "what happens next?" It's "what does my character want that they didn't want on page one, and what is now standing in their way that wasn't standing there before?" Let those two questions generate the next 50,000 words.

3. The daily practice that got you here needs to scale, and most writers don't know how

Writing 300 words a day is a genuine strategy that works for starting a book. You sit down, you write your page or two, you close the laptop, you go live your life. The writing habit builds. The pages accumulate. And then around 30,000 words you run into a problem that has nothing to do with motivation or craft: you can't hold the whole book in your head anymore.

At 10,000 words, you remember everything. Every character's name, every planted detail, every thread you left hanging. At 30,000 words, you start forgetting. Did the sister mention her ex-husband in chapter three or chapter five? Was it raining during the argument, or was that a different scene? You introduce a detail in chapter twelve that contradicts something you wrote in chapter four, and you don't catch it because chapter four was two months and a hundred sessions ago. The daily practice that built the book is now insufficient to maintain it. Your 300 words a day are still coming, but they're increasingly disconnected from the larger structure, because you've lost track of the larger structure.

Donna Tartt has talked about her process writing The Secret History, and one detail always stuck with me. Every Monday, before writing a single new sentence, she re-read the entire manuscript from the beginning. The whole thing. As the book grew, that Monday re-read took longer and longer, eventually consuming the entire day. But she always knew where she was. She could feel the weight and rhythm of everything that came before the blank page. Your version of this doesn't have to be that extreme, you probably don't have the luxury of dedicating an entire day to re-reading, but the principle matters. Before you write new words, spend part of your session re-reading yesterday's work, or the last chapter, or your outline. Stay in contact with the book as a whole. If the stalling you're feeling is more of a daily-session problem than a structural one, that's a different issue with different solutions. But if you're losing the thread of the larger story, the fix is re-reading, not writing faster.

The daily writing habit that got you to 30,000 words is still the engine. It just needs a new gear. And protecting that session becomes more important, not less, because the cost of skipping a day goes up the longer the book gets. At 5,000 words you can miss a week and pick right back up. At 40,000 words, a week off means spending your next three sessions just remembering where you were.

Starting a book and finishing a book require two different psychological postures. Starting is curiosity. You're following a spark, chasing a question, writing to find out what happens. Finishing is something closer to stubbornness. The spark has dimmed, or at least changed shape, and you're no longer discovering the book so much as building it, brick by brick, on days when you'd rather be doing almost anything else. The writers who finish aren't the ones who feel inspired all the way through. They're the ones who figured out that the feeling of "this might not be working" is just what the middle of a book feels like, and they kept going anyway.

For the full roadmap on writing a book from first page to last, start here: the practice-first approach.

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K

Kia Orion

Author of The Writer's Daily Practice, the #1 Bestselling book in Journal Writing and Writing Skills. He writes a free daily reflection for writers.

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